Abdominal Pain

HomeDigestive system diseasesAbdominal Pain

Abdominal pain is a common symptom that can arise from various causes ranging from benign conditions to medical emergencies. It can be classified based on location, intensity, and duration.

Symptoms

Abdominal pain is a symptom in itself, but it can be accompanied by a constellation of other ones, such as:

Bloating and gas
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea or constipation
Fever (in case of infection)
Tenderness or distension of the abdomen

Causes

Such a general symptom can have causes originating from all over the body, such as:

Gastrointestinal

Benign pathological conditions including GERD, peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease,Bengn functional condition such as functional dyspepsia and IBS. Malignant problems including upper and lower gastro-intestinal cancers as well as other malignant intrabdominale processes.

Infections

Gastroenteritis, appendicitis, diverticulitis.

Gynecological

Menstrual pain, ovarian cysts, ectopic pregnancy.

Urological

Kidney stones, urinary tract infections.

Urological

Kidney stones, urinary tract infections.

Hepatobiliary

Gallstones, hepatitis, pancreatitis etc.

Vascular

Abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Risk Factors

A person with those factors has an increased risk of developing abdominal pain:

Poor diet and lifestyle habits
Chronic medical conditions
History of gastrointestinal disorders
Infections
Stress and anxiety

Investigations

Diagnosing the condition causing abdominal pain usually includes:

Medical history and physical examination
Blood tests:

To check for infection, inflammation, liver and kidney function.

Urine tests

To rule out urinary tract infections.

Stool tests

Infectious work up and gut specifc inflammatory markers

Imaging studies

Ultrasound, CT scan, MRI to visualize abdominal organs.

Endoscopy

To examine the gastrointestinal tract.

Management

Treating abdominal pain can entail:

Pain management

Analgesics, antispasmodics

Dietary changes

Depending on the underlying cause.

Medications

Treating specific conditions such as infections, ulcers, or IBS.

Hydration and rest

For mild cases.

Surgical intervention

For conditions like appendicitis, gallstones, or hernias.

Treatment of underlying conditions

Addressing the root cause of pain.